14-protein plasma signature
Biomarker1 paper2 findings
- Humans1
Interventions
1Smoking
upin humans1Very low certainty
1 study
Smoking
upin humans1Very low certainty
Smoking increases 14-protein plasma signature in humans (7 of 14 proteins).
“smoking causally raises circulating levels of seven of them”
Humans
The 14-protein lung cancer signature: questions of prediction, specificity, and causality · medRxiv · 9 Sep 2026 · Preprint
Effects
1Lung cancer
no changein humans1
1 study
Lung cancer
no changein humans1
14-protein plasma signature has no effect on lung cancer in humans.
“two-sample Mendelian randomisation provides no evidence that any of the 14 proteins causally influence lung cancer”
Humans
The 14-protein lung cancer signature: questions of prediction, specificity, and causality · medRxiv · 9 Sep 2026 · Preprint