Global and individual-level inequalities in cardiometabolic risk and stroke burden: evidence from GBD 2023, CHARLS, HRS, and NHANES

Abstract

Background Stroke burden is unequally distributed, but global estimates do not show whether socially patterned cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) risk contributes to this inequality. We linked country-level and individual-level evidence to examine geographic inequality, educational patterning of CKM risk, and CKM-stroke associations.

The paper