The trace of microplastics in gerontology: A meta-analysis of their role in modulating longevity

Microplastics (MPs), a widespread pollutant, may impact health and aging processes. This meta-analysis aimed to assess MPs' role in modulating aging biomarkers and longevity, analyzing 33 studies (n=1400 observations) from 2010-2025, selected via PRISMA from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and eLibrary. MPs significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS, SMD=0,56; 95% CI 0,45-0,67; p<0,001), inflammation (IL-6, TNF-α; SMD=0,52; 95% CI 0,39-0,65; p<0,001), and cellular senescence (p16, p21; SMD=0,44; 95% CI 0,30-0,58; p<0,001). In humans (n=783), MPs accumulated in the brain (up to 4806 μg/g), correlating with dementia (OR 3,2; 95% CI 2,5-4; p<0,05). In models (n=617), lifespan decreased by 12-20% (SMD=-0,51; p<0,001). Heterogeneity (I²=56-65%) stemmed from MP types and exposure; no publication bias was detected (Egger's test, p=0,32). This study first systematizes data on MPs' gerontological risks, highlighting their systemic effects and underscoring the need for human studies.