Contrast Sensitivity Impairment Is Associated With Limitations of Physical Functioning and Activities of Daily Living Among Older Adults

Purpose: Contrast sensitivity (CS), the ability to see objects against their background, is an important component of visual function. The effect of contrast sensitivity impairment (CSI) on physical functioning (PF) is not well documented. Methods: This study obtained data from the Aging, Demographics, and Memory Study. Baseline CS was measured, and self-reported PF, activities of daily living (ADLs), and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) were assessed biennially. Results: The sample included 263 individuals with a mean (SD) age: 82.1(5.3). Participants with severe CSI had PF limitation scores 1.05 points higher (95% CI: 0.07, 2.04) than those without CSI. Odds of ADL/IADL limitations were 4.45 times (95% CI: 2.00, 9.92) and 74% (95% CI: 1.24, 2.45) higher for those with severe CSI and moderate CSI. Older adults with severe CSI had 2.79 times (95% CI: 1.21, 6.43) higher hazard of incident ADL/IADL limitations. Conclusions: CSI is associated with PF and ADL/IADL limitations.