Neighborhood Spatial Social Polarization and Dementia Disparities Among U.S. Medicare Beneficiaries

Abstract

Background: Alzheimer’s Disease and related dementias (ADRD) disproportionately affect racial and ethnically minoritized populations. Spatial Social Polarization (SSP)—measured via the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE)—captures neighborhood‐level privilege and deprivation across domains like race, income, and education.