Secondhand smoke exposure

1. Secondhand smoke exposure increases mortality in humans (HR 2.03, 95% CI 1.23-3.36).

   Humansmoderate exposure in participants with CKDn = 1,630

   Secondhand smoke exposure in never-smokers: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of chronic kidney disease prevalence and all-cause mortality in affected patients · Medicine · 18 Sep 2026

1. Secondhand smoke exposure raises the risk of cardiovascular disease in humans (AOR=3.70, 95% CI 1.67 to 8.18).

   Humans

   Cardiovascular disease risk and its behavioural correlates among university students in Punjab, India: a cross-sectional analytical study · BMJ public health · 22 Sep 2026

Cardiovascular disease →

1. Secondhand smoke exposure raises the risk of chronic kidney disease in humans (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.07-1.76).

   Humansnever-smoking adults

   Secondhand smoke exposure in never-smokers: A cross-sectional and prospective cohort study of chronic kidney disease prevalence and all-cause mortality in affected patients · Medicine · 18 Sep 2026

Chronic kidney disease →

1. Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with non-communicable disease in humans (AOR 1.04, 95% CI: 0.95-1.13).

   Humans

   Association of active and passive smoking with noncommunicable diseases in a large health check-up population: A cross-sectional study in Changzhi, Shanxi province, China · Tobacco induced diseases · 27 Aug 2026

Non-communicable disease →