Lower educational attainment

Lower educational attainment is associated with social isolation in humans.

“Less educated adults experienced higher overall isolation in all four countries, with larger gaps in China and Mexico and smaller gaps in the United States and England.”

Humansin United States, England, China, and Mexico

Educational attainment and social isolation trajectories from midlife to later life in four high- and middle-income countries

Social science & medicine (1982)·Jul 17, 2026

Lower educational attainment raises the risk of disability in humans (RII = 1.311).

“The disparity between the lowest and highest education levels was greater in urban areas (RII = 1.311) than in rural areas (RII = 1.154).”

Humansurban areas

Socioeconomic inequalities in disability among older adults in urban and rural Indonesia: a population-based study

BMC public health·May 11, 2026