Pectoralis muscle index

1. Pectoralis muscle index mediates hip fracture in humans (50.0%).

   “FN aBMD and PMI mediated 33.3% and 50.0%, respectively, of the association between vitamin D and HF.”

   Humansassociation between vitamin D and hip fracture

   Muscle function mediates the association between vitamin D deficiency and hip fracture risk: a retrospective study in older adults

   Frontiers in endocrinology·Nov 5, 2025

More on Hip fracture

1. Pectoralis muscle index is associated with acute exacerbation in humans.

   “The ESMI and PMI also associate with acute exacerbations in non-IPF patients.”

   Humansnon-IPF IIPs

   Prognostic impact of muscle mass in idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: analysis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias

   BMC pulmonary medicine·Oct 14, 2025

1. Pectoralis muscle index lowers the risk of frailty in humans (OR: 0.543, 95% CI: 0.299-0.986).

   “There were significant associations between PMaMI (OR: 0.467, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.226-0.962 p = 0.039) and PMI (OR: 0.543, 95% CI: 0.299-0.986 p = 0.045) levels with frailty status”

   Humansbreast cancerpectoralis musclefemalesn = 102

   Pectoralis muscle index might be a factor associated with frailty in older women with breast cancer

   Turkish journal of medical sciences·Jun 19, 2023