Effectiveness of Resonance Frequency Breathing Exercises in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Central Sensitization

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation, fatigue, central sensitization, and chronic pain. While physical exercise is strongly recommended to enhance functional capacity and manage fatigue, heightened central sensitivity and pain often limit adherence and clinical gains. Resonance frequency breathing (paced diaphragmatic breathing at 6 breaths per minute, 0.1 Hz) stimulates the baroreflex and facilitates autonomic regulation, which may alleviate central pain processing. This randomized controlled trial aims to evaluate the effects of resonance frequency breathing added to a standard exercise program compared with exercise alone on central sensitization, pain thresholds, fatigue, pain catastrophizing, functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, disease activity, and quality of life in patients with SLE. Participants will be randomly allocated to either a Standard Exercise Group or a Standard Exercise + Resonance Breathing Group for an 8-week intervention.

• Change in Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) Score

1. Study completion expected

   1 Sept 2027

2. Primary completion expected

   1 Jun 2027

3. Expected to start

   1 Nov 2026

4. Registered

   9 Oct 2026