Adaptive Memory and Metacognition in Older Adulthood: A Path Towards Successful Aging

Aging is characterized by normative changes in memory and a continued capacity for goal-directed learning and adaptation. Consequently, the maintenance and preservation of cognitive abilities that enable responsible remembering (e.g., selectivity, schematic support) and build resilience may equip older adults with the skills needed to navigate memory challenges in a technologically-advanced world. Research demonstrates that older adults can effectively monitor and self-regulate their behaviors under high task demands, modify encoding strategies to compensate for memory declines, and draw upon prior knowledge and expertise to reinforce learning. Regularly engaging in leisure activities (e.g., creative hobbies, curiosity-driven exploration, educational classes about aging and cognition) may also enhance neuroplasticity, lower dementia risk, and promote positive self-perceptions of aging. Overall, leveraging older adults’ metacognitive abilities and enhanced motivation through targeted interventions may offer a promising approach to promoting successful aging among an increasingly growing aging population.