Gammaproteobacteria and Escherichia coli abundance

Senior age is associated with Gammaproteobacteria and Escherichia coli abundance in S. demersus.

“Senior penguins exhibited higher abundances of Gammaproteobacteria and Escherichia coli than adult penguins.”

Animalscaptive African penguinsfeces

Age-Related Differences in Gut Microbiome and Fecal Metabolome of Captive African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus)

Zoo biology·Jul 15, 2025