American Journal of Preventive Cardiology
Waterpipe smoking is linked to higher cardiovascular mortality
Compared with never-smokers, ever-smokers of waterpipe had about a 60% higher risk of cardiovascular death, with a hazard ratio of 1.57.Compared with never-smokers, ever-smokers of waterpipe had about a 60% higher risk of cardiovascular death, with a hazard ratio of 1.57.
Cohort study of 35,646 peopleCardiovascular disease