Preprints.org · Oct 22, 2026

A Held Number Is Not a Held Rate: Testing Whether Reduced Training Really Maintains Adaptation

By O'Leary R

Studies of reduced training often conclude that a lower dose maintains muscle strength and size because values after reduced training do not differ from values after resistance training. A maintained level does not show how fast the adaptation is being lost. This study proposed a three-step procedure for testing whether reduced training maintains strength and hypertrophy adaptations, applied to published group means from two resistance training trials and 8,000 simulated datasets. First, a shape check: under exponential detraining, each later equal-interval loss must be smaller. Second, if the detraining arm passes, a constraint linking its loss rate to that under reduced training. Third, a calibrated estimate of the maintenance dose, checked on a held-out training frequency. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. The detraining arm of older adults violated the shape check in the reported means, and the constraint then depended on an unmeasured floor. With training every other week, the calibration implied a 1.63% loss of quadriceps cross-sectional area against 5.90% reported (a result known before analysis). Leg press strength fell 5 kg, then 10 kg, over successive six-week periods, whereas exponential detraining requires shrinking losses; published spreads cannot establish this for the population. Simulated false rejection of a correct model was 3% to 8%. A maintained level of strength or muscle size does not establish that the adaptation is being retained. Testing maintenance needs measurements at the start of reduced training and at two or more equally spaced later times, with each participant's changes reported.

doi.org/10.20944/preprints202610.2258.v1Open accessInterventions