Journal of Dental Sciences · Oct 1, 2026

Avian mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle alleviates the Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide induced gingival fibroblast senescence

By Yang HC, Fu E, Chin YT et al.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: We have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Polygonum multiflorum extract bio-pulsed avian mesenchymal stem cells exhibit anti-inflammatory and proliferation-promoting properties. A significant association has been identified between periodontitis, higher biological age, and accelerated biological aging. This study investigated whether the bio-pulsed EVs could alleviate Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS)-induced senescence in human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Pg-LPS was used to induce cellular inflammation and senescence in hGFs. The cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and cytotoxicity was assessed with MTS. Senescence after repeated stimulations was evaluated by flow cytometry, SA-β-gal staining, and p16, p21, and p53 mRNA and protein (qPCR and Western blot), and telomere length (qPCR). Cell proliferation and apoptosis markers of Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were evaluated by colorimetric assay. RESULTS: Cytotoxicity was noted in hGFs only at 5.0 μg/mL LPS. LPS at 0.5 μg/mL significantly upregulated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expressions. Repeated LPS significantly increased cell size (1.0 μg/mL), the number of SA-β-gal-staining cells (0.5 and 1.0 μg/mL), and mRNA and protein expressions for p16, p21, and p53 (1.0 μg/mL), indicating senescence. Bio-pulsed EVs significantly increased CCK-8 but reduced LDH releases, indicating improved hGFs viability. Furthermore, the bio-pulsed EVs suppressed the LPS-induced upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and senescence markers, but reversed telomere shortening. CONCLUSION: Single Pg LPS triggered inflammatory responses in hGFs, whereas repeated exposures induced senescence. The bio-pulsed EVs effectively mitigated Pg LPS-induced inflammation and senescence, highlighting the preventive/therapeutic potential.

doi.org/10.1016/j.jds.2025.07.3580 Open access PubMed 42924215 Interventions