Review

Surface-Engineered Phytochemical Nanomedicines for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Skeletal Targeting, Imaging-Supported Evaluation, and Therapeutic Performance

Figure 1. Spatial heterogeneity in osteoporotic bone creates distinct mineral, resorption, osteogenic, marrow-stromal, and remodeling niches for targeted delivery.
Open the figure at full size
Figure 1. Spatial heterogeneity in osteoporotic bone creates distinct mineral, resorption, osteogenic, marrow-stromal, and remodeling niches for targeted delivery.Spatial heterogeneity in osteoporotic bone creates distinct mineral, resorption, osteogenic, marrow-stromal, and remodeling niches for targeted delivery.Gao et al. · CC BY

Pharmaceutics

Abstract

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a metabolic bone disease driven by estrogen deficiency and a major contributor to fragility fractures, yet long-term use of current antiresorptive and anabolic agents remains constrained by tolerability and adherence.

The paper

Hebei Medical University

Pharmaceutics · 16 Sep 2026 · CC BY

doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics18091163PubMed 42797338

Related