Effects of resveratrol and nanodiamonds on sirtuin activity, oxidative stress and DNA damage in Acheta domesticus

The quest for an elixir of longevity has long inspired research into molecular mechanisms that govern aging. The present study investigated the effects of resveratrol (RV) and nanodiamonds (NDs) on sirtuin activity, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in two strains of Acheta domesticus: wild-type (H) and longevity-selected (D). Analyses of total SIRT and SIRT1, SIRT6 activities, antioxidant markers (CAT, SOD, LPO), and DNA damage indicators (pATM, γH2A.X, DSBs) revealed strain- and stage-dependent variations without a consistent pattern, suggesting long-term modulation of lifespan or sirtuin activity. RV and NDs induced only transient and adaptive effects, including a short-term increase in sirtuin activity exposed to NDs. The long-lived strain displayed stability in sirtuin response and survival, indicating that longevity-regulating mechanisms are genetically conserved and resistant to external modulation. These findings offer new insights into the limited and context-dependent influence of nanomaterials and bioactive compounds on aging-related molecular pathways.