Probiotics as a targeted intervention in anti-ageing: a review

CONTEXT: The age-induced disruption of gut flora, termed gut dysbiosis, is intimately tied to compromised immune function, augmented oxidative stress and a spectrum of age-linked disorders. OBJECTIVE: This review examines the fundamental mechanisms employed by probiotic strains to modulate gut microbiota composition and metabolic profiles, mitigate cognitive decline via the gut-brain axis (GBA), modulate gene transcription and alleviate inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. CONCLUSION: We elucidate the capacity of probiotics as a precision intervention to restore gut microbiome homeostasis and alleviate age-related conditions, thereby offering a theoretical framework for probiotics to decelerate ageing, manage age-related diseases, and elevate quality of life.