INTERNATIONAL BLEST SCIENTIFIC · Jun 9, 2026
PEPTIDE BIOREGULATORS, AGING AND HUMAN LONGEVITY: EPITHALON, THYMALIN, THYMOGEN, DSIP, VILON AND VESUGEN IN CIRCADIAN BIOLOGY, TELOMERASE REGULATION AND INFLAMMAGING
By Caquetti LFM
Human aging constitutes a multifactorial biological process associated with the progressive interaction among genomic instability, epigenetic alterations, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammaging, immunosenescence, and neuroendocrine deterioration. Over recent decades, advances in molecular geroscience have increased scientific interest in peptide bioregulators due to their potential effects on cellular stability, chronobiology, immune homeostasis, and functional longevity. This study aimed to critically analyze the biomolecular mechanisms associated with the peptides Epithalon, Thymalin, Thymogen, DSIP, Vilon, and Vesugen within the context of circadian biology, telomerase regulation, neuroendocrine aging, and epigenetic modulation. Methodologically, the research is characterized as a mechanistic integrative review with a qualitative approach, based on scientific literature indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect databases, prioritizing studies published between 2019 and 2025, in addition to classical investigations essential for understanding the historical development of peptide geroscience. The findings demonstrated that Epithalon exhibited the strongest experimental evidence related to telomerase activation, hTERT expression, chromosomal stability, and cellular oxidative protection. Thymalin and Thymogen showed potential relevance in the modulation of immunosenescence and inflammaging, particularly regarding thymic involution and immune differentiation mechanisms. DSIP demonstrated historical relevance in sleep neuroendocrinology, although it remains mechanistically controversial due to the absence of an identified receptor and limited translational validation. Vilon and Vesugen were mainly associated with potential effects on epigenetic stability, transcriptional regulation, vascular homeostasis, and gene expression related to cellular aging. It is concluded that the investigated peptide bioregulators present relevant biomolecular plausibility within contemporary geroscience, especially due to their potential simultaneous modulation of multiple pathways associated with human longevity. Nevertheless, the predominance of experimental studies, the scarcity of robust multicenter clinical trials, and the limited independent international replication prevent definitive conclusions regarding the translational efficacy of these compounds in longevity medicine.