Journal of Multidisciplinary Novel Journeys & Explorations · Apr 9, 2026
Factors associated with fall risk in older adults and prevention strategies: a comprehensive health care approach
By Avila MDRQ, León CDLC
In the context of accelerated population aging and the epidemiological transition toward chronic noncommunicable diseases, falls in older adults constitute a relevant public health problem because of their high prevalence, associated morbidity, and negative effects on functioning and quality of life. These events are related to multifactorial risk factors, including intrinsic variables such as impaired balance, sarcopenia, comorbidities, and polypharmacy, as well as extrinsic factors linked to the physical and social environment. The study focused on comprehensively analyzing these factors, considering biological, functional, pharmacological, and socioenvironmental dimensions, and on evaluating the effectiveness of evidence-based preventive strategies through the application of comprehensive geriatric assessment and the implementation of interdisciplinary interventions. Through a systematic review following the PRISMA method, empirical and theoretical studies were collected and analyzed, allowing the identification of clinical, functional, and socioenvironmental determinants, as well as the efficacy of preventive programs at different levels of care. The findings showed that falls represent a significant problem, with negative consequences for morbidity and mortality, functioning, and quality of life, and that early identification of risk factors is key to designing effective interventions aimed at preserving autonomy and improving the overall health of older adults.