Borneo Nursing Journal · Aug 5, 2026
Differences Between Square Stepping Exercise and Resistance Exercise in Reducing Fall Risk in Older Adults
By Azza SR, Yani F, Alboneh RF
BACKGROUND: Aging causes declines in physiological function, such as reduced muscle strength, changes in posture, and impaired coordination, which increase fall risk in older adults. Fall risk can result in serious physical injury or even death, as well as psychological effects in the form of fear of falling again. One approach to reducing fall risk is physical exercise, such as Square Stepping Exercise and Resistance Exercise. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the difference in the effects of Square Stepping Exercise and Resistance Exercise on reducing fall risk in older adults. METHODS: This study used a quasi experimental method with a Pre-Test and Post-Test two group design. The sample consisted of 24 older adults selected using purposive sampling. Respondents were divided into two groups: a group receiving Square Stepping Exercise and a Resistance Exercise group, with a frequency of 3 times per week for 4 weeks. The instrument used to assess fall risk was the Berg Balance Scale (BBS). RESULTS: The paired sample t-test results for group I, p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), and group II, p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), showed that both exercises had an effect on reducing fall risk in older adults. Meanwhile, the independent sample t-test yielded p = 0.939 (p > 0.05), indicating no significant difference in effects between the two exercises. CONCLUSIONS: Square Stepping Exercise and Resistance Exercise both have an effect on reducing fall risk in older adults, but there is no significant difference in effects between them.