The Healer Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences · Jul 20, 2026
Comparative Effects of Ai Chi, HiBalance, Resistance, Tai Chi, and Core Stability Training on Dynamic Balance Across Parkinson’s Disease Stages: A Structured Literature Review
By Akram R, Zafar A, Zahoor A et al.
Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, tremor, and postural instability, causing impaired dynamic balance, increased fall risk, and reduced quality of life. Exercise-based rehabilitation improves balance, but comparative evidence across physiotherapy interventions remains limited. Objective: To compare the effects of Ai Chi, HiBalance, resistance training, Tai Chi, and core stability training on dynamic balance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease through a structured literature review. Methodology: A structured literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines was conducted using major electronic databases to identify randomized controlled trials evaluating exercise interventions for dynamic balance in Parkinson’s disease. Seventeen randomized controlled trials involving 801 participants met the eligibility criteria. Interventions included Ai Chi, HiBalance, resistance training, Tai Chi, and core stability training. Dynamic balance was assessed using the Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up and Go test, and Mini-BESTest. Methodological quality was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Results: PEDro scores ranged from 4 to 8, indicating fair to excellent methodological quality. Seven studies were rated fair, eight good, and two excellent. All interventions significantly improved at least one dynamic balance outcome compared with control or conventional rehabilitation. Core stability and resistance training demonstrated the most consistent improvements, whereas Tai Chi and Ai Chi also enhanced balance and postural control. HiBalance training showed more variable findings across studies. Conclusion: Exercise-based rehabilitation effectively improves dynamic balance in individuals with Parkinson’s disease. Core stability and resistance training demonstrated the most consistent benefits, supporting their integration into individualized rehabilitation programs to optimize balance, mobility, and reduce fall risk.