Theoretical and Natural Science · Apr 13, 2026

Therapeutic Mechanisms of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Their Exosomes in Skeletal Muscle Disorders

By Sun S

Skeletal muscle is crucial for daily activities, but various external risk factors can impair its normal physiological function, including aging, injury, and autoimmune disorders. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective treatment interventions. MSC and mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have great potential in the treatment of skeletal muscle-related diseases. This paper summarizes the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of MSCs and MSC exosomes in skeletal muscle-related diseases, including age-related sarcopenia (AAS), myasthenia gravis (MG), and rotator cuff injury (RCI). This paper mainly compares the efficacy and mechanism of MSCs and MSC exons in the treatment of skeletal muscle dysfunction, and explores the optimized pathways of MSC exons and MSCs in the treatment of sarcopenia. This study suggests that MSCs and MSC Exos exert therapeutic effects through multiple pathways, including anti-inflammatory, mitochondrial function enhancement, and apoptosis inhibition. This paper suggests that future research should explore drug treatment strategies that combine HUC MSCs and MSC Exos. The purpose is to explore the possible theoretical basis for the future application of MSCs and MSC Exos in the clinical treatment of skeletal muscle-related diseases, especially in the progression of sarcopenia, and to guide future related research to adjust treatment plans to adapt to patient progression and protect patients from the troubles caused by chronic diseases.

doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2026.ka32794 Open access Interventions