The Journal of Japan Academy of Health Sciences · Jun 25, 2026

The Impact of Intervention Order on Physical and Daily Functions: A Crossover Study of ICT and Exercise Programs in Older Adults

By Kawabata A, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi R et al.

Introduction: Given the growing diversity of preferences and needs among older adults, exploring alternatives beyond exercise programs to address frailty is critical. This study aimedto evaluate the effects of a digital literacy improvement program and a conventional exerciseprogram on physical function, quality of life, daily living functions, and frailty indicators inolder adults using a crossover design. Methods: A randomised controlled trial was conducted with 54 participants aged 65-85 years,assigned to Group A (information and communication technology → Exercise) and Group B(Exercise → information and communication technology). Both programs were implementedover eight months. Outcomes, including physical function, quality of life, daily living, andfrailty, were assessed at three time points using validated tools, WHOQOL-BREF, FrenchayActivities Index, and Kaigo-Yobo Checklist. Analyses included two-way repeated-measuresANOVA and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: Significant interaction was observed for the five-time sit-to-stand test, with greaterimprovement in Group B (–2.18 s [–3.17, –1.19]) than Group A (–0.80 s [–1.46, –0.13]). Kaigo-Yobo Checklist scores also showed interaction, with reductions in both groups (Group A:–1.67 [–2.47, –0.87]; Group B: –1.26 [–1.86, –0.66]). Frenchay Activities Index scores showedgreater gains in Group A (+6.96 [4.64, 9.29]) than Group B (+2.74 [0.31, 5.17]). No significantinteraction was found for WHOQOL-BREF scores. Conclusions: Combining information and communication technology and exercise programsmay offer a comprehensive approach to supporting older adults’ health. The programs couldbe important, with exercise-first strategies potentially benefiting physical function and information and communication technology-first strategies enhancing daily living functions. Future research is warranted to examine long-term effects and tailored interventions.

doi.org/10.24531/jhsaiih.29.1_50Powered by J-STAGEInterventions