ESC Congress 2026 Abstract · Oct 26, 2026

Efficacy of Semaglutide in glycemic control, weight loss, and improving lipid profile- the role of baseline vitamin D levels.

By Abo Fanne R, Israeli A

Objective: Semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, is an established therapy for type 2 diabetes (T2D), offering robust glycemic control and weight reduction. Vitamin D has been implicated in metabolic regulation, yet its influence on semaglutide-induced outcomes remains unclear. Research Design and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 5,300 adults with T2D, enrolled in Leumit Health Services, who initiated semaglutide therapy between February 1, 2019, and December 31, 2022. All patients had documented serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels prior to treatment initiation. Metabolic outcomes- including glycemic control (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), and lipid profile- were assessed at 12 months. Associations between baseline 25(OH)D levels and metabolic changes were evaluated using multivariable regression models, adjusted for demographic and clinical covariates. Results: The median baseline 25(OH)D level was 19.3 ng/mL. Compared with patients with vitamin D levels <15 ng/mL, those with levels of 15–24.9 ng/mL and ≥25 ng/mL exhibited greater reductions in HbA1c (β = –0.083, 95% CI [–0.154 to –0.013], p = 0.020; and β = –0.096, 95% CI [–0.017 to –0.017], p = 0.016, respectively) and BMI (β = –1.02, 95% CI [–1.46 to –0.58]; and β = –1.29, 95% CI [–1.77 to –0.80]; both p < 0.0001). No association was found with lipid profile. Conclusion: Higher baseline vitamin D levels are independently associated with enhanced glycemic and weight loss responses to semaglutide in individuals with T2D. Prospective trials are warranted to explore whether vitamin D supplementation may potentiate semaglutide's metabolic effects.

doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehag785.3499 Open access Interventions