Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials · Apr 21, 2026
Advances in Additive Manufacturing for Skin Regeneration Through Materials, Techniques and Biomedical Applications
By Kennedy SM, A MK, M S et al.
Skin regeneration remains a critical challenge in modern medicine due to the limited availability of donor tissue and the complex, multi-layered architecture of native skin. Additive manufacturing (AM), especially 3D bioprinting, has emerged as a revolutionary method for creating functioning skin substitutes with accurate spatial arrangement and individualized personalization. This review offers a thorough evaluation of current developments in additive manufacturing technologies for skin tissue engineering, encompassing inkjet, extrusion-based, laser-assisted, and emerging 4D bioprinting techniques. The examination focuses on the roles of natural, synthetic, composite, and bioactive bioinks, highlighting their mechanical, biological, and regenerative capabilities. Essential biological elements implicated in skin restoration, such as cells, growth factors, and extracellular matrix molecules, are emphasized in conjunction with additive manufacturing workflows, encompassing CAD modeling, multilayer construct design, and vascular-neural integration. This discussion encompasses evaluation approaches, including in vitro cytocompatibility studies and in vivo wound healing models, to highlight the translational readiness of bioprinted constructions. Investigations into biomedical and therapeutic applications encompass burn therapy, chronic wound management, reconstructive surgery, and drug testing platforms. The analysis ultimately examines current difficulties and future opportunities related to AI integration, microfluidic-assisted bioprinting, and regulatory frameworks. This paper delineates the technological and biological advancements propelling next-generation individualized skin regeneration.