PsyArXiv · Sep 17, 2026
A systematic review and meta-analysis on early adversity and resting-state EEG from infancy to adolescence
By Brown HM, Hart E, Rico-Picó J et al.
Early adversity is theorized to alter brain activity detectable via resting-state electroencephalography (EEG), positioning it as a scalable tool in creating a global biomarker of brain health. Yet, the consistency of the association between adversity and EEG across the pediatric literature is unclear. We systematically reviewed 34 papers (N = 4245 EEG recordings) and meta-analytically synthesized 19 papers (N = 2669 EEG recordings, 228 effect sizes) on the association between early adversity and resting-state EEG power. Using a Correlated and Hierarchical Effects Model, we found a small, yet robust association (r = −0.086, 95% CI [−0.132, −0.040]) that withstood sensitivity analyses, publication bias correction, and was comparable for both correlational and randomized controlled trial designs. We found power (absolute, relative) significantly moderated the association, though adversity type, frequency band, resting-state EEG procedure, developmental life stage at EEG, and study design did not. The systematic review revealed a similar pattern of findings while also highlighting inconsistent reporting practices. This robust but modest effect suggests adversity is measurably linked to brain activity. However, with substantial unaccounted for heterogeneity and inconsistent reporting practices, EEG's promise as a scalable biomarker will depend as much on methodological standardization as on further biological characterization.