Wei Sheng Yan Jiu · Sep 2026

Association between plant-based dietary patterns and 10-year ASCVD incidence risk among middle-aged and elderly prehypertensive individuals in Zhejiang Province in 2024

By Zhou M, Su D, He M et al.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between plant-based dietary patterns and 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease（ASCVD） among prehypertensive populations. METHODS: From July to December 2024, a multi-stage cluster sampling method was adopted to conduct a survey in 33 counties（cities and districts） of Zhejiang Province, and a total of 1943 residents were finally enrolled as research subjects. General information questionnaires and personal health behavior questionnaires were used to collect relevant data. Physical examinations such as height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were performed, and biochemical indicators including total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol（HDL-C） were detected. The 10-year ASCVD risk assessment model was used to classify risk grades. Dietary information was collected by the 3-day 24-hour dietary recall method, and the plant-based diet index（PDI）, healthy plant-based diet index（hPDI）, and unhealthy plant-based diet index（uPDI） were calculated. Logistic regression analysis was adopted. The dietary index scores were grouped by quintiles（Q1-Q5） to explore the association between plant-based dietary patterns and the 10-year ASCVD incidence risk. RESULTS: A total of 1943 research subjects were enrolled in this study, who were divided into low-risk, medium-risk and high-risk groups according to the 10-year ASCVD risk, accounting for 68.19%, 23.78%, and 8.03%, respectively. There were statistically significant differences in the distribution of gender, age, waist circumference, HDL-C, systolic blood pressure, diabetes prevalence, and smoking behavior among different 10-year ASCVD risk groups（P<0.05）. Significant differences were also found in the intake of food groups such as fruits, refined grains, and pickled foods（P< 0.05）. Stratified analysis indicated that in male populations, taking the first quintile（Q1） of PDI score as the reference, the 10-year ASCVD incidence risk of the fifth quintile（Q5） was 2.62 times higher than that of Q1（95% CI 1.14-6.49, P=0.03）. The 10-year ASCVD incidence risk showed an upward trend with the increase of PDI scores (Ptrend=0.01). There were no significant correlations between hPDI, uPDI, and 10-year ASCVD incidence risk（P>0.05）. CONCLUSION: Among prehypertensive populations in Zhejiang Province, the overall plant-based dietary patterns are positively correlated with the 10-year ASCVD incidence risk in males.

doi.org/10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2026.05.008PubMed 43004792Populations