Psychometric evaluation of the Turkish version of the Bangor Dementia Resilience Scale

BACKGROUND: Resilience is an important positive construct supporting people with dementia; however, validated self-report instruments for this population remain limited, and no Turkish version is currently available. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to adapt the Bangor Dementia Resilience Scale (BDRS) into Turkish and to evaluate its psychometric properties in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early-stage dementia. METHODS: This cross-sectional psychometric study included 118 individuals with MCI or early-stage dementia. The translation and cultural adaptation process followed established guidelines. Structural validity was examined using exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Convergent validity was assessed using Pearson correlations between the Turkish version of the BDRS (T-BDRS) scores and quality of life (QoL-AD), as well as clinical variables including Mini-Mental State Examination, Neuropsychiatric Inventory, and Katz Activities of Daily Living. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, item-total correlations, and test-retest reliability (n = 30). RESULTS: EFA supported a five-factor structure explaining 68.32% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the total scale was excellent (Cronbach's α = 0.946; ω = 0.946). Item-total correlations ranged from 0.604 to 0.787. Test-retest reliability demonstrated excellent stability (ICC = 0.993). Convergent validity was supported by a strong positive correlation with QoL-AD (r = 0.819, 95% CI: 0.744-0.872, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The T-BDRS demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability for assessing resilience in individuals with MCI and early-stage dementia. It represents a promising tool for research and clinical practice, supporting the assessment of positive psychosocial outcomes in dementia care.