Humans149,410 participantsCohort study

Long-term PM2.5 exposure and incident heart failure in the UK Biobank: relative and absolute risk estimates

Figure 1. Flowchart of participant selection.
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Figure 1. Flowchart of participant selection.Flowchart of participant selection.Wang et al. · CC BY

Frontiers in Public Health

Abstract

Background To investigate the association between long-term air pollution exposure and incident heart failure in the UK Biobank and further explore potential effect modification by cardiometabolic vulnerability.

The paper

Ningxia Medical University

Frontiers in Public Health · 14 Sep 2026 · CC BY

doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2026.1864868PubMed 42807448

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