PopulationsHumans512,701 participantsCohort studyDose-response

Smoking, Exhaled Carbon Monoxide, and Risk of Parkinson Disease

Figure 1. Bar Chart and Shape Plots Showing Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels by Smoking Status and Number of Cigarettes (or Equivalents) Smoked Per Day.
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Figure 1. Bar Chart and Shape Plots Showing Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels by Smoking Status and Number of Cigarettes (or Equivalents) Smoked Per Day.Bar Chart and Shape Plots Showing Exhaled Carbon Monoxide (CO) Levels by Smoking Status and Number of Cigarettes (or Equivalents) Smoked Per Day.Bueno Lopez et al.

JAMA Neurology

The paper

Clara Bueno López, Andri Iona, Iain James Turnbull,
Show 206 more authorsH D Du, Yiping Chen, Ling Yang, Alexander Clive Tinworth, Zhengjie Shen, Kshitij Kolhe, Pei Pei, Canqing Yu, D J Y Sun, Jun Lv, Junshi Chen, Robert Clarke, Rory Collins, Richard Peto, Liming Li, Fiona Bragg, Z M Chen, China Kadoorie Biobank Collaborative Group, Junshi Chen, Z M Chen, Robert Clarke, Rory Collins, Liming Li, Jun Lv, Richard Peto, Robin Walters, Daniel Avery, Maxim Bernard, Derrick Bennett, Ruth Boxall, Ka Hung Chan, Yiping Chen, Jonathan Clarke, H D Du, Ahmed Edris Mohamed, Hannah Fry, Pek Kei Im, Andri Iona, Christiana Kartsonaki, Hubert Lam, Kuang Lin, Iona Millwood, Sam Morris, Qunhua Nie, Alfred Pozarickij, Maryam Rahmati, Ryder Pj, Dan Schmidt, Becky Stevens, Lin Wang, Neil Wright, Ling Yang, Xiaoming Yang, Pang Yao, Yani Huang, Sara Perez Vizan, Thu Pham, Roshi Shrestha, Xiao Han, Can Hou, Qingmei Xia, Chao Liu, Pei Pei, Dianjanyi Sun, Canqing Yu, Yuanjie Pang, Yuting Han, Honglu Bian, Xinxin Chen, Lang Pan, Zengchang Pang, Ruqin Gao, Kunzheng Lv, Shanpeng Li, Haiping Duan, Shaojie Wang, Yongmei Liu, Ranran Du, Liang Cheng, Xiaocao Tian, Hua Zhang, Dan Hu, Xiaoyan Zheng, Yujie Wang, Wei Sun, Shichun Yan, Yong Zhou, Chi Wang, Zhenyuan Wu, Lishun Zhai, Zhaoxi Pang, Shiwen Dong, Li Liu, Dapeng Yin, Bin He, Ying Liu, Xingren Wang, Tingting Ou, Xiangyang Zheng, Dewei Zheng, Shuai Yang, Lihui Li, Xingjiao Chen, Yan Xu, Jinyi Zhou, Ran TAO, Jian Su, Xikang Fan, Xuejia Chen, Yuxiao Huang, Yan Lu, Yujie Hua, Xing Li, Shuxian Wang, Jianrong Jin, Juping Ma, Jiangchao Liu, Kaifei Zhu, Hongfu Ren, Xingfeng Shen, Zhenzhen Lu, Ge Zhong, Wei Mao, Yanxu Zhong, Lifang Zhou, Rong Pan, Jian Lan, Xiaoping Tan, Jinxue Tan, Yishan Xie, Liuping Wei, Liyuan Zhou, Ningyu Chen, Sisi Wang, Xianping Wu, Ningmei Zhang, Xiaofang Chen, Xiaoyu Chang, Zhuo Wang, Yujin He, Mingqiang Yuan, Ling Wang, Zhaodong Wang, Qiang Sun, Yang Lin, Faqing Chen, Xiaolan Ren, Lijun Chang, Feiming Zhong, Jianjun Feng, Weijie Hu, Xiaofang Zhang, Yalin Chen, Honghong Wang, Jun Wang, Linqi Diao, Zhiwei Han, Dengjun Zhu, Kai Kang, Shixian Feng, Wenjie Yang, Huizi Tian, Yali Yan, Bing Han, Li Gao, Li ShaoFang, Tianfang Xing, Wei Tang, Lei Fan, XiaoLin Li, Huarong Sun, Xiaocong Zhao, Ying Li, Chen Hu, Pan He, Xukui Zhang, Yuanyuan Jin, Lan Luo, Min Yu, Ruying Hu, Hao Wang, Weiwei Gong, Jieming Zhong, Meng Wang, Chunxiao Xu, Keqing Gong, Hao Xu, Yuan Cao, Kaixu Xie, Lingli Chen, Xiaomei Tu, Xiaojun Li, Junlong Pan, Li Yin, Huilin Liu, Yuan Liu, Lei Yin, Xian Xie, Jing Wang, Bo Xiao, Zongwei Deng, Yuan Peng, Libo Zhang, Chan Qu, Li Deng, Qili Jiang,
Yanling Chen

University of Oxford

JAMA Neurology · 8 Sep 2026

doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2026.3037PubMed 42709430

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