International Journal of Audiology · Jul 21, 2026

Comparing metrics of cochlear and auditory brainstem function in early-aged ears

By Glavin CC, McFarlane KA, Dhar S et al.

OBJECTIVE: The primary goal of this work was to characterise the effects of early ageing on cochlear and auditory brainstem function. The secondary goal was to explore the possibility of using non-invasive measures to differentiate between cochlear and neural pathology. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design was used to measure level growth of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and wave I amplitude of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in adults aged 18-49 years. STUDY SAMPLE: Thirty-three individuals with clinically normal audiometric thresholds (≤ 25 dB HL from 0.25-8 kHz) participated across two age groups: 18-29 years (µ = 23.9 years) and 30-49 years (µ = 37.1 years). RESULTS: On average, both DPOAEs and ABR wave I amplitude decline with age when controlling for behavioural threshold. In some individuals, the age-related effects on ABR wave I amplitude are greater than for DPOAEs. Additionally, DPOAE level growth does not predict ABR wave I amplitude. CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate subclinical cochlear and neural decline in typical early-aged ears, while individual patterns are consistent with cochlear deafferentation in several participants. Additionally, DPOAEs and ABR wave I amplitude may offer unique insights into auditory integrity, suggesting their potential future clinical for differential diagnosis of age-related hearing loss.

doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2026.2700300 Open access PubMed 42482335 Mechanisms