Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · Jun 15, 2026

Development and validation of a harmonized memory score for multicenter Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research

By Sanderson-Cimino M, Gross AL, Gaynor LS et al.

INTRODUCTION: List-learning tasks (LLTs) are important for characterizing memory in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. However, as the Uniform Data Set Neuropsychological Battery (UDS-NB) historically did not require a specific LLT, centers have administered different LLTs. The newest UDS version (v4.0) requires one of two LLTs. To support harmonized UDS memory research, we developed a memory composite incorporating UDS memory tests and multiple LLTs. METHODS: Item-banking confirmatory factor analysis was applied to develop a memory composite in a diagnostically heterogeneous sample (n = 8716) that completed the UDS-NB and one of five LLTs. Construct validity was evaluated through associations with demographics, disease severity, cognitive tasks, brain volume, amyloid/tau PET positivity, and plasma phosphorylated tau. Analyses were replicated in a racially/ethnically diverse cohort (n = 839). RESULTS: Psychometric properties were adequate. Expected associations with demographics and clinical measures within development and validation cohorts supported validity. CONCLUSIONS: This composite supports memory research across cohorts that administer the UDS and LLTs. A user-friendly UI is freely available to create the score in other datasets.

doi.org/10.1186/s13195-026-02100-wOpen accessPubMed 42298651Biomarkers