Nutricion Hospitalaria · Mar 25, 2026

Unfavorable lifestyle, hypertriglyceridemia and smoking are risk factors for chronic kidney disease in people with type 2 diabetes

By Velázquez López L, Frausto Mendoza MF, Velázquez Flores A et al.

Introduction: chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes. A healthy lifestyle is essential to kidney function. Objective: to identify the association between lifestyle with the frequency of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients. Materials and methods: an analytical cross-sectional study using 391 Primary Care patients with type 2 diabetes. Glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile were measured in venous blood, and CKD was diagnosed through CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration), MDRD-4 (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease), and Cockcroft-Gault equations. Kidney damage was considered when the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was < 60/ml/min/1.73 m2. Weight was measured, body mass index was assessed and dietary protein intake was estimated from dietary records. Results: out of the 391 patients included, 68 % were women, and the mean age was 55 years. The prevalence of kidney disease was 13.8 % using CKD-EPI formula, and 53.2 % exhibited an unfavorable lifestyle. Improved nutrition and adherence to diabetes treatment were associated to a higher GFR. Older age, along with an unhealthy lifestyle characterized by hypertriglyceridemia, high dietary protein intake, and smoking, is associated with impaired kidney function. Conclusion: older age and hypertriglyceridemia, as well as an unhealthy lifestyle characterized by high dietary protein intake and smoking, is associated with impaired kidney function.

doi.org/10.20960/nh.06423Open accessPubMed 41878915Populations