medRxiv · Jan 15, 2026

GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Prescription Patterns in the All of Us Research Program

By Gasdaska A, Tyndall B, Preble E et al.

IMPORTANCE: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are fast-growing treatments for type 2 diabetes, obesity, and sleep apnea and are under investigation as potential treatments for many other conditions. The National Institutes of Health's (NIH's) All of Us Research Program offers a robust observational data source for studying questions related to GLP-1RA use in real-world settings. OBJECTIVE: This article describes key characteristics of All of Us participants who have been prescribed GLP-1RAs. The goals are to present the utility of the All of Us data and describe the strengths and limitations of using this resource for future research on GLP-1RAs. DESIGN: Using the All of Us Controlled Tier Curated Data Repository version 8 (CDRv8), we provide a descriptive analysis of the cohort with GLP-1RA records using cross-sectional surveys, longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data, and longitudinal Fitbit data. SETTING: The All of Us Research Program is a large, federally funded, longitudinal cohort study established in 2018 by NIH. Recruitment efforts are nationwide and target a range of populations to advance precision medicine for all. PARTICIPANTS: Participants are U.S. residents, aged 18 or older at the time of study consent, who were enrolled between May 6, 2018, and October 1, 2023. EXPOSURES: The GLP-1RA cohort included participants with at least two GLP-1RA prescription records on different days at any time point based on their EHRs. MAIN OUTCOMES: Frequencies and medians for a range of sociodemographic characteristics, health care utilization patterns, comorbid conditions, GLP-1RA prescription trends, laboratory and observation availability, and Fitbit data. RESULTS: The All of Us GLP-1RA cohort is large (n=15 477), with high data availability across a range of relevant data types. These participants are older and have more comorbid conditions than the entire CDRv8 population. Prescription trends indicate rapid uptake of GLP-1RA drugs since 2014. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: All of Us CDRv8 is a valuable resource for research on GLP-1RAs across a large, heterogeneous cohort of participants. The variety and availability of data offer many possibilities for future observational, real-world research to address unanswered questions about GLP-1RA use and replicate recent findings generated from other datasets.

doi.org/10.64898/2026.01.13.26344022Open accessPubMed 41742942Populations