Advances in Engineering Technology Research · Mar 10, 2026
Research on the Relationships Between Hormonal Changes During Female Menopause and Mood, Sleep, and Cognitive Function
By Xin S
This review aims to examine the effects of hormonal changes during female menopause on mood, sleep, and cognitive function, as well as relevant intervention strategies. Menopause represents a critical stage characterized by the progressive decline of ovarian function, during which estrogen and progesterone levels fluctuate markedly and decrease, while gonadotropin levels rise. These changes are accompanied by dynamic alterations in the Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Gonad axis and other hormonal systems, including melatonin. Such endocrine fluctuations have a significant influence on the central nervous system, affecting emotional stability, sleep quality, and cognitive efficiency. Existing evidence suggests that declining estrogen levels are a primary driving factor, while reductions in progesterone and its metabolites weaken inhibitory neural mechanisms. Additionally, elevated gonadotropins, combined with alterations in other hormonal systems, act synergistically. Interventions based on hormonal regulation—including hormone therapy, psychological intervention, and lifestyle optimization—have alleviated neuropsychological symptoms to some extent; however, individual variability in efficacy and long-term safety remains to be fully established. In the future, integrating multi-hormone network models, dynamic monitoring, and precision interventions may enable the development of more effective and personalized therapeutic strategies, providing theoretical and practical support for women to navigate menopause smoothly and maintain neuropsychological health.