JoIN Journal of Intan Nursing · Mar 31, 2026
Risk factors for diabetes mellitus in older adults in rural areas: Cross-Sectional Epidemiological Analysis
By Yuwono P, Ernawati, Utoyo B
INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem with a continuously increasing prevalence, particularly among older adults. This condition is increasingly complex in rural communities due to limited access to health care services, low educational attainment, and limited understanding of disease prevention. Risk factors such as an unhealthy diet, low physical activity, obesity, and family history also increase the burden of DM among older adults. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify risk factors associated with the occurrence of DM among older adults in rural areas. METHODS: The study used a cross-sectional design with an analytical epidemiological approach. A total of 80 older respondents aged ≥60 years were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated questionnaire and clinical examinations including body mass index (IMT), blood pressure, and random blood glucose levels. Data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using the chi-square test and independent t-test. RESULTS: A total of 35% of respondents were identified as having DM. Bivariate analysis showed that education (p=0.045), physical activity (p=0.027), and family history of DM (p=0.002) were significantly associated with the occurrence of DM. Numerical variables showed significant differences in age (p=0.021), IMT (p=0.032), and blood pressure (p=0.009) between the groups with and without DM. Sex was not significantly associated with DM status (p=0.360). CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors associated with the occurrence of DM among older adults in rural areas include education, physical activity, family history, age, IMT, and blood pressure. These findings underscore that DM among rural older adults is influenced by biological and sociodemographic factors.