Esculapio · Jun 30, 2026
The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency and Obesity on Climacteric Syndrome
By Zareen S, Saduf M, Saleem F et al.
Objective: To investigate the impact of vitamin D deficiency and obesity on climacteric syndrome in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.Material and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at Sheikh Zayed hospital Lahore from May2019 – May 2020. we recruited 120 women 40-55 years of age after informed consent. After taking history, body mass index (BMI) and demographics, data regarding climacteric syndrome was noted using Modified Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index and Menopausal Index Score (MIS) was calculated. Serum Vitamin D levels were measured, and subjects were divided into group A (vitamin D < 30 ng/ml) and group B (vitamin D > 30 ng / ml). The MIS was compared between two groups. Subjects were divided into normal (BMI< 25) and overweight (BMI>25) groups. The MIS was compared between normal and overweight groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS version 30.Results: Mean age of participants was 49.30 + 3.79 years. Out of total 120 women, 52 (43.3%) were in group A while 68 (56.6 %) were in group B. Normal group comprised of 72 (60 %) while overweight group comprised of 48(40%) of women. Climacteric symptoms reported were hot flushes and irritability (67%), sleep problems and muscle pain (60%), depression, anxiety, physical and mental exhaustion (40%) and urogenital complaints (35%). Mann Whitney U test used to compare MIS between group A and B showed a statistically significant difference (p value < 0.001). Mann Whitney U test used to compare MIS between normal and overweight group showed a statistically significant difference (p value < 0.05).Conclusion: Blatt-Kupperman Menopausal Index and Menopausal Index score is higher in vitamin D deficient and obese women. Future randomized controlled trials are required to determine whether vitamin D supplementation improves climacteric symptoms.Keyword: Climacteric syndrome, Modified Blatt-Kupperman, Menopausal Index Score.How to cite: Zareen S, Saduf M, Saleem F, Zahid H, Tabassum M, Zafar A. The Impact of Vitamin D Deficiency and Obesity on Climacteric Syndrome. Esculapio - JSIMS 2026;22(02): 204-208DOI: 10.51273/esculap.v22i02.1460