Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development · Jun 29, 2026
Oral Health Alterations Associated With Menopause: A Comparative Analysis of Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women
By Chorge SR, Kamala K, Sankethguddad et al.
Background: Menopause is a natural physiological transition characterized by a decline in estrogen and progesterone levels, which can influence both systemic and oral health. The presence of estrogen receptors in oral tissues renders them susceptible to hormonal fluctuations, leading to various oral complaints. However, these manifestations are often under-recognized in clinical practice. The present study aimed to evaluate and compare oral health alterations, including oral and psychological symptoms, dental status, periodontal health, and clinical findings, between premenopausal and postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted among 200 women, comprising 100 premenopausal and 100 postmenopausal participants. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering demographic details, oral and psychological symptoms, and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination assessed dental status, periodontal condition, and oral mucosal changes. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test, with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Postmenopausal women demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence of oral symptoms such as xerostomia (48% vs. 18%), burning mouth sensation (20% vs. 2%), altered taste (45% vs. 19%), halitosis (38% vs. 12%), orofacial pain (43% vs. 6%), and dysphagia (40% vs. 5%) (p < 0.05). Psychological symptoms including depression, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and memory impairment were also more frequent. Furthermore, postmenopausal women exhibited reduced dentition, increased prosthetic needs, poorer oral hygiene practices, and higher occurrence of mucosal conditions. Conclusion: Postmenopausal women experience significantly greater oral and psychological health alterations compared to premenopausal women, highlighting the importance of targeted preventive and therapeutic oral healthcare strategies during menopause.