Archiv Euromedica · Apr 30, 2026
NIGHT AND SHIFT WORK – A REVIEW OF THE IMPACT ON PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH
By Krawczak P, Kwiatkowska M, Stermach M et al.
Background Shift and night work are essential for the functioning of modern societies but are associated with significant disruption of the circadian rhythm. This disruption has been linked to a wide range of adverse health outcomes affecting mental, physical, and endocrine function. Despite growing evidence, the multidomain consequences of shift work remain insufficiently recognized in clinical and occupational practice, and no integrative synthesis has yet examined these effects with particular emphasis on healthcare professionals. Aims This review aimed to provide a comprehensive and updated synthesis of the adverse health effects of night and shift work, to identify specific risk domains, and to summarize evidence-based preventive strategies applicable in occupational settings. Methods A narrative review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. Publications from 2010 to 2026 were included. Eligible study types comprised meta-analyses, systematic reviews, cohort studies, and case-control studies reporting on health outcomes associated with night or shift work schedules. Results Shift workers demonstrate significantly higher rates of depression, anxiety, suicidal ideation, and cognitive decline. Approximately 30% develop shift work disorder. Cardiometabolic consequences include hypertension, cardiovascular events, obesity, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Endocrine disruptions affect melatonin, cortisol, thyroid, and sex hormones, contributing to menstrual irregularities, earlier menopause, and increased miscarriage risk. Conclusions Shift work exerts substantial multidomain negative effects on health. Targeted preventive interventions, including light therapy, structured sleep and meal schedules, and psychological support, are warranted, particularly in healthcare professionals and other vulnerable populations.