Frontiers in Oncology · Nov 5, 2026
Developments in Endometrial Carcinoma Screening: The Emerging Role of SE-iFISH in Liquid-Based Cytology
By Yi-ting Meng, Xi Yang, Jiang-hui Yang et al.
Endometrial carcinoma is the most prevalent gynecologic cancer in high-income countries; however, efficient and minimally invasive screening methods remain limited. Conventional diagnostic approaches continue to rely primarily on imaging and endometrial biopsy, which are invasive and insufficient for early detection and population-based screening. Although liquid-based cytology offers a less invasive alternative, its diagnostic accuracy remains limited when based solely on morphological assessment. Recent advances in liquid biopsy have highlighted the significance of circulating tumor cells and chromosomal aneuploidy as potential cancer biomarkers. Subtraction enrichment and immunostaining fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH), a novel cytogenetic technique, enables the sensitive detection of aneuploid tumor cells independent of epithelial marker expression. This review highlights the emerging role of SE-iFISH in combination with liquid-based cytology and summarizes recent advances in endometrial cancer screening. Furthermore, it discusses the biological rationale, technical advantages, and potential clinical applications of SE-iFISH in early detection and risk stratification, as well as current limitations and future perspectives.