International Journal of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology · Jul 2026

Assessment of vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause and its impact on quality of life among postmenopausal women: A cross-sectional study

By Rathnam KN, Pothula P

Background: Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), previously described as vulvovaginal atrophy, is a chronic hypoestrogenic condition affecting the vulvovaginal and lower urinary tract tissues of postmenopausal women. It is commonly associated with vaginal dryness, irritation, dyspareunia, urinary symptoms and reduced quality of life, but remains under-reported and underdiagnosed. Aim: To assess vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause and its impact on quality of life among postmenopausal women. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study included 100 postmenopausal women aged 45-75 years presenting with at least one vulvovaginal symptom. Data were collected using a pretested questionnaire. Symptom severity was assessed using the Vaginal Symptom Bothersomeness Scale. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Vaginal Health Index, and quality of life was assessed using the Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging questionnaire. Results: The majority of women belonged to the 56-60 years age group. Vaginal dryness was the most common symptom, reported by 77% of women, followed by vaginal discharge in 74%, itching in 73%, irritation or burning in 72%, and urinary urgency in 70%. Pain during intercourse was reported by 67% of women. Based on Vaginal Health Index scoring, 79% of women had findings suggestive of vulvovaginal atrophy. Quality-of-life assessment showed impact across all domains, with sexual functioning and self-concept/body image being more affected than routine daily activities. Conclusion: Vulvovaginal atrophy/genitourinary syndrome of menopause is common among postmenopausal women and significantly affects genital comfort, urinary health, sexual functioning and quality of life. Routine screening using symptom assessment, Vaginal Health Index and quality-of-life tools can help in early identification and appropriate management.

doi.org/10.33545/gynae.2026.v10.i4ab.2758Open accessPopulations