Research Society and Development · Mar 2, 2026
Assessment of frailty, respiratory muscle strength, and functional status in patients with heart disease undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting
By Ares A, Baruffi FA, Gonçalves R et al.
Ischemic heart disease remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality, resulting from reduced coronary blood flow. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CRM) is indicated in advanced cases but is associated with postoperative respiratory and functional changes. Frailty, defined by reduced physiological reserve and functional capacity, negatively affects surgical outcomes regardless of age, making its preoperative assessment relevant. OBJECTIVE: To assess frailty, respiratory muscle strength, and functional status in patients undergoing CRM in the preoperative and postoperative periods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional, observational, quantitative study conducted with patients aged ≥ 42 years undergoing elective CRM at Western Paraná University Hospital. Preoperative and postoperative assessments included the Edmonton Frail Scale, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, handgrip dynamometry, and manovacuometry to measure maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) and maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax). RESULTS: Statistically significant reductions in right (p=0.019) and left (p=0.011) handgrip strength were found. Manovacuometry showed a significant decrease in PEmax (p=0.007), with no significant difference in PImax (p=0.101). Functional performance worsened postoperatively, as evidenced by increased TUG time (p=0.037). The mean Edmonton Frail Scale score was 5.82 points, with a predominance of individuals classified as vulnerable or frail. CONCLUSIONS: The results demonstrate a postoperative functional and respiratory impact of CRM, reinforcing the importance of preoperative frailty assessment and the implementation of physical therapy prehabilitation strategies aimed at preserving function and optimizing recovery.