Jurnal Bidan Pintar · Oct 8, 2026
Factors causing hypertension in adulthood
By Sukristianto YB, Susmiati S, Jayani I
ABSTRACT: Changes in epidemiological patterns indicate that hypertension currently occurs not only among older adults but is also beginning to be found among adults. Hypertension at this age often goes undetected because of low awareness of health screening, the perception that hypertension is a disease of old age, and exposure to lifestyle risk factors from a young age. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between lifestyle factors (smoking, alcohol consumption, diet, and physical activity) and the occurrence of hypertension in adults at Ngetos Community Health Center, Nganjuk Regency. This was a quantitative correlational study with a cross sectional approach. The population comprised all patients with noncommunicable diseases aged 15-64 years who visited Ngetos Community Health Center, Nganjuk Regency, with an average of 180 visits per month. Based on the sample size calculation according to Lemeslow, 125 respondents were obtained. The sampling technique used in this study was simple random sampling. Data analysis using the Spearman rank correlation test showed significant associations for smoking habits (p value=0.000<α=0.05; r=0.565), dietary management (p value=0.000<α=0.05; r=0.518), and physical activity (p value=0.004<α=0.05; r=0.257). However, no significant association was found between the dietary management variable and hypertension in adults at Ngetos Community Health Center, Nganjuk Regency (value=0.613<α=0.05). The public is expected to undergo regular blood pressure checks even without symptoms, because hypertension often develops without symptoms (silent killer), reduce or stop smoking because it has been shown to be associated with an increased risk of hypertension, adopt a healthy diet by reducing consumption of foods high in salt, fast food, and foods high in saturated fat, and increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, increase regular physical activity according to WHO recommendations, namely engaging in moderate-intensity physical activity for at least 150 minutes per week, and maintain the practice of not consuming alcohol or avoid excessive alcohol consumption as an effort to prevent noncommunicable diseases.. KEYWORDS: smoking; alcohol; diet; physical_activity; hypertension; adulthood