Academic Science Journal · Oct 30, 2026
The Klotho and disease-related with thyroid glands
By Al-Hakeem NA, Hassan EA
Thyroid cancer and various endocrine disorders are associated with the multifunctional protein known as α-Klotho, also referred to as Klotho. However, nothing is known about the connection between blood Klotho levels and thyroid hormones. Additionally, mice homozygous for a hypomorphic Klotho gene (kl/kl) were the first to exhibit anti-aging capabilities. These mice show vascular calcification, cardiac hypertrophy, hypertension, pulmonary illness, renal disease, multi-organ atrophy, fibrosis, hyperphosphatemia, hypercalcemia, stunted development, and a shorter lifetime. Klotho overexpression has the opposite effect and lengthens life.Klotho levels in people decrease with age, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, chronic renal disease, and other illnesses. Although the brain, pancreas, and other tissues also generate it, the kidneys are the primary source. Human kidney function frequently declines with age, lowering Klotho levels. This is associated with a higher death risk from all causes, and a shortage of Klotho causes hyperphosphatemia and hypervitaminosis D. Interestingly, Klotho inhibits four pathways transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), Wnt, and NF-κB that have been connected to aging in different ways.cellular senescence, apoptosis, inflammation, immunological dysfunction, fibrosis, and neoplasia can all be brought on by these. Accordingly, preclinical Klotho treatment improved cancer, diabetes, cardiovascular, renal, and neurological illnesses. In this article, we give a summary of recent advancements in the molecular mechanisms of α-Klotho protein, elucidating the part that α-Klotho protein plays in thyroid dysfunction and pointing out areas that need more research.