bioRxiv · Jan 17, 2023
The emergence of goblet inflammatory or ITGB6 hi nasal progenitor cells determines age-associated SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis
By Woodall MNJ, Cujba AM, Worlock KB et al.
Abstract Children infected with SARS-CoV-2 rarely progress to respiratory failure, but the risk of mortality in infected people over 85 years of age remains high, despite vaccination and improving treatment options. Here, we take a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to investigate differences in the cellular landscape and function of paediatric (<11y), adult (30- 50y) and elderly (>70y) nasal epithelial cells experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2. Our data reveal that nasal epithelial cell subtypes show different tropism to SARS-CoV-2, correlating with age, ACE2 and TMPRSS2 expression. Ciliated cells are a viral replication centre across all age groups, but a distinct goblet inflammatory subtype emerges in infected paediatric cultures, identifiable by high expression of interferon stimulated genes and truncated viral genomes. In contrast, infected elderly cultures show a proportional increase in ITGB6 hi progenitors, which facilitate viral spread and are associated with dysfunctional epithelial repair pathways. Graphical Abstract