Current Atherosclerosis Reports · Nov 5, 2026

Impact of Air Quality Index on Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in South Asians: A Narrative Review

By Siddiqui F, Irfan M, Fayyaz M et al.

Purpose of Review This review examines whether worsening air quality, as represented by the Air Quality Index (AQI), and its constituent pollutant exposures, is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in South Asia. South Asian populations have a genetic predisposition to cardiovascular disease and several modifiable risk factors; however, research examining the interaction between air quality and these factors remains understudied. Recent Findings Large population-based health studies consistently demonstrate a positive correlation between elevated levels of air pollutants, including PM₂.₅, PM₁₀, NO₂, CO, O₃, and NO, and ASCVD risk. Poor air quality may compound traditional ASCVD risk factors. Policy and pollution-reduction efforts may help, but evidence for South Asia-specific interventions remains limited. Summary This review synthesizes evidence from population studies to establish air quality as a potentially modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and stresses the need for improved surveillance and targeted risk-mitigation strategies to address the ASCVD burden in South Asia. Graphical Abstract

doi.org/10.1007/s11883-026-01486-0PubMed 42986568Populations